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S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Parma Calcio 1913, commonly referred to as Parma, is an Italian football club based in the city of Parma that currently competes in Serie D, the fourth tier of Italian football. Founded as Parma Football Club in December 1913, the club played its home matches in the 22,352-seat Stadio Ennio Tardini, often referred to as simply ''Il Tardini'', from 1923. It traditionally plays attractive football and develops players through the club's academy.
Although Parma never won a domestic league title and never competed for major trophies until the 1990s, it won three Coppa Italia, one Supercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Financed by Calisto Tanzi, the club won these eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, a period in which it achieved its best ever league finish – as runners-up in the 1996–97 season – and threatened the dominance of the league's established powers: Juventus, Milan and Internazionale, the only Italian sides to have had more success in European competition than Parma.〔Dunford (2011), p. 793〕
Financial troubles were brought about in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007. The club was declared bankrupt in 2015 and a phoenix club re-founded in Serie D by virtue of Article 52 of N.O.I.F.
==History==
(詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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